Institutional practices for charitable medication access for uninsured patients.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the most frequently prescribed medications, the location where prescriptions were filled, and whether a voucher was utilized among patients enrolled in a charitable care program within an academic medical center. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing electronic health record and pharmacy dispensing information at a medical center's outpatient pharmacies. METHODS: Patients included in this analysis were enrolled in a charitable care program and had at least 1 ambulatory encounter in a primary care clinic from March 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021. The study identified frequently prescribed medications, prescription payment methods, the overall cost of prescriptions if available, and the percentage of patients who filled their prescription at a medical center's outpatient pharmacies vs external outpatient pharmacies. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the results. RESULTS: This study included 511 patients, 87% of whom were Spanish speaking. A total of 8453 prescriptions were identified, and more than half of the prescriptions were sent to external outpatient pharmacies. The most common medications prescribed were for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pain treatment. Forty-seven percent of all prescriptions were sent to the medical center's outpatient pharmacies. The medical center's charitable care program covered the costs of 44% of the prescriptions sent to internal pharmacies, assisting 148 unique patients and incurring a cost of $111,052 for the medical center. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study was able to characterize patient demographics, historical costs related to charitable care coverage, and the utilization of health care services among this population. This information can be used to support the development and implementation of a charitable medication formulary, with the aims of improving quality of care for this population and reducing medical center costs.

The Color of Autonomy: Examining Racial Inequity in Coercive Institutional Practices.

Two articles recently published in this journal identified racial inequities in routine psychiatric practice. This Open Forum discusses the need for a paradigm shift in inequities research. The two articles reviewed here, one by Shea and colleagues on racial-ethnic inequities in inpatient psychiatric civil commitment and one by Garrett and colleagues on racial-ethnic disparities in psychiatric decisional capacity consultations, are examples of the new research gaze. Four topics are identified for enhancing understanding of racism and other forms of structural exclusion in psychiatric practice: medical authority and power imbalance between providers and patients, involuntary psychiatric commitment and requests for decisional capacity consultations as strategic research events, limited use of theory, and limitations of the literature on psychiatric inequities.

Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice.

This award is intended to recognize outstanding practitioners in psychology. Nominations are considered for psychologists working in a wide variety of institutional practice settings (e.g., schools, military, state hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs). Services provided to diverse client groups or patient populations, including but not limited to children/ adolescents/adults/older adults, urban/rural/ frontier populations, minority populations, and persons with serious mental illness, are considered. Contributions are judged distinguished by virtue of peer recognition, advancement of the public's recognition of psychology as a profession, relevant professional association honors, or other meritorious accomplishments denoting excellence as a practitioner, including improvement of institutional service delivery systems or development of psychologically informed public policy. The 2023 recipients of the APA Professional Contributions Awards were selected by the 2022 Board of Professional Affairs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice: Sharon L. Mitchell.

The award is intended to recognize outstanding practitioners in psychology. "We recognize Sharon L. Mitchell's tireless dedication and commitment to advancing the practice of collegiate mental health and wellness within institutional settings. Her contributions to the field have been truly exceptional. As a leader in the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors, Dr. Mitchell has been instrumental in promoting the professional development of counseling center directors and advocating for the needs of college students across the country. Through her leadership, research, expertise, and commitment to excellence, she has made a lasting impact on the practice of institutional mental health and wellness. At the University at Buffalo, Dr. Mitchell spearheaded innovative initiatives to improve student wellness, including the development of a comprehensive mental health services program that integrates counseling, psychiatry, and wellness promotion. Her work has not only improved the lives of countless students but also served as a model for other institutions seeking to enhance their own mental health resources." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sistema de avaliação de práticas psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP) sobre políticas de cuidado / Aluízio Lopes de Brito psychological practices assessment system (SAPP) on care policies / Sistema de evaluación de prácticas psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP) sobre políticas de cuidado

O objetivo do presente manuscrito é caracterizar e descrever os fluxos do Sistema de Avaliação de Práticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), dispositivo instituído no âmbito do Sistema Conselhos de Psicologia e regulamentado pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia através da Resolução CFP nº 15, de 18 de agosto de 2023. O SAPP surge da necessidade premente de orientação e qualificação profissionais frente às práticas emergentes que produzem o saber/ fazer da psicologia. Nesse sentido, trata-se de processo que busca orientar, qualificar e fazer conhecer práticas que sejam compatíveis ou não com o exercício profissional em psicologia. Com o trabalho realizado no SAPP serão produzidos pareceres que contribuirão minimamente para o conhecimento das fronteiras que delimitam os campos da psicologia e, por excelência, conheceremos melhor nossas próprias formas de atuação. Através da consideração do trinômio teoria-prática-ética, o CFP espera com o SAPP abrir diálogos com grupos, práticas e saberes fronteiriços e constantemente relegados pela psicologia hegemônica. Para tanto, parte do pressuposto de que os saberes e fazeres destas populações podem refinar as teorias psicológicas e fazer a psicologia avançar como ciência e profissão.(AU)

This manuscript aims to characterize and describe the flows of the Aluízio Lopes de Brito Psychological Practices Assessment System (SAPP), an instrument established within the framework of the Psychology Council System and regulated by the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP) with Resolution CFP No. 15, of August 18, 2023. The SAPP arises from the pressing need for professional guidance and qualification in the face of emerging practices that shape the knowledge/practice of psychology. In this sense, it is a process that seeks to guide, qualify, and make known practices that are compatible or not with the professional practice of psychology. The work carried out in the SAPP will produce opinions that will contribute minimally to the understanding of the boundaries that delimit the fields of psychology and, by excellence, we will better understand our own modes of operation. Considering the trinity of theory-practice-ethics, the CFP hopes with the SAPP to open dialogues with groups, practices, and knowledge that are in the borders and are constantly relegated by hegemonic psychology. To this end, it assumes that the knowledge and practices of these populations can refine psychological theories and advance psychology as a science and profession.(AU)

El objetivo de este manuscrito es caracterizar y describir los flujos del Sistema de Evaluación de Prácticas Psicológicas Aluízio Lopes de Brito (SAPP), un dispositivo establecido en el marco del Sistema de Consejos de Psicología y regulado por el Consejo Federal de Psicología a través de la Resolución CFP n.º 15, con fecha del 18 de agosto de 2023. El SAPP surge de la necesidad apremiante de orientación y calificación profesional frente a las prácticas emergentes que configuran el conocimiento y las habilidades de la psicología. En este sentido, es un proceso que busca orientar, calificar y dar a conocer prácticas que sean compatibles o no con el ejercicio profesional de la psicología. El trabajo realizado en el SAPP generará opiniones que contribuirán mínimamente a la comprensión de los límites que delimitan los campos de la psicología y, por excelencia, comprender mejor nuestras propias formas de actuación. A través de la consideración de la tríada teoría-práctica-ética, el CFP espera que con el SAPP puede llevar a cabo el diálogo con grupos, prácticas y conocimientos fronterizos y constantemente pasados por alto por la psicología hegemónica. Con este fin, se asume que los conocimientos y prácticas de estas poblaciones pueden refinar las teorías psicológicas y hacer avanzar la psicología como ciencia y profesión.(AU)

Institutional practice in sizing of the hybrid prosthesis in frozen elephant trunk surgery.

BACKGROUND: The frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique for total arch replacement (TAR) is widely used for repair of aortic arch dissections and aneurysms. Despite its widespread adoption, there are no international or regional guidelines for the sizing of FET prostheses in TAR. We seek to highlight the heterogeneity thereof and pave the way for evidence-based guidelines to advise FET prosthesis sizing in TAR. METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent to 22 specialist aortic surgeons from 13 different countries across North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, inquiring about each surgeon's approach to FET prosthesis sizing. The results were then pooled for frequency analysis. RESULTS: All 22 surgeons responded to the questionnaire. Zone 2 is preferred implantation zone for AAD, CAD, and TAA (selected by 72.7%, 72.7%, and 68.2% respectively). The maximal diameter of the true lumen in the DTA is the most common index measurement for AAD and CAD (40.9% and 59.1%, respectively). Stent-graft diameters equal to the index measurement is the most common approach for AAD and CAD (77.3% and 45.5%, respectively) while 59.1% of surgeons oversize the index diameter by 10% for TAA; 100 mm is the preferred length for 50.0%, 27.3%, and 40.9% of surgeons in AAD, CAD, and TAA respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable heterogeneity in sizing practices for FET prostheses internationally, with variable evidence for its impact on clinical outcomes. This issue would be aided by the development of evidence-based guidelines to inform clinical decision making.

Aortic Valve Repair as a Subspecialty: Still an Institutional Practice or Open for All?

Aortic valve repair combined with root stabilization procedures have been reported to have reliable mid to long-term outcomes, and this is one of the reasons that various surgical units are accepting these techniques as an option in selected cases. Aortic valve replacement is a standard procedure with established results, but to master its techniques there is a major uphill learning curve. A brief communication is presented on the aortic valve repair focusing on the lesser discussed aspects like global variability of the pathology and outcomes, variable referral patterns, and effect of ethnicity.

Herramienta multidimensional para la medición de la calidad de la participación en salud / A multidimensional tool to measure quality of social participation in health

Las estrategias, los programas y las acciones en salud han sido históricamente el resultado de prácticas institucionales con un componente participativo limitado. La acción institucional ha venido determinada sobre todo por el criterio de actores políticos y, en el mejor de los casos, por el criterio de profesionales de la salud. Nuevas formas de gobernanza para la equidad en salud abogan por la inclusión de la comunidad en el diseño de estrategias, programas y actividades en salud. Por ello, una preocupación creciente en el campo de la participación en salud es la medición de la calidad participativa de los nuevos diseños de prácticas institucionales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta operativa para diseñar, medir o describir el alcance en términos participativos de los procesos de planificación en salud. La propuesta elabora seis dimensiones para la medición y la evaluación del proceso participativo: inclusividad, flujo de información, calidad deliberativa, toma de decisiones, compromiso institucional y empoderamiento comunitario. (AU)

Health strategies, programs and activities have historically been the result of institutional practices with a limited participatory component. Traditionally, institutional action is mainly determined by the criteria of the political actors and, in the best of cases, by the criteria of healthcare professionals. New forms of governance for health equity advocate for the inclusion of the community in the design of strategies, programmes and activities in health. For this reason, a growing concern in the field of participation in health is the measurement of the participatory quality of new designs of institutional practices. This article aims to develop an operational proposal to design, measure or describe the scope in participatory terms of the health planning processes. The proposal elaborates six dimensions for the measurement and assessment of participatory process: inclusivity, information flow, deliberative quality, decision making, institutional commitment and community empowerment. (AU)

Survey of Current Institutional Practices in the Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Pediatric Patients.

OBJECTIVES: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an oxygen delivery device that provides heated humidified air with higher flow rates. The purpose of this survey is to look at institutional practice patterns of HFNC initiation, weaning, and disposition for pediatric patients across the United States. METHODS: Survey was sent via electronic listservs to pediatric physicians in emergency medicine, hospital medicine, critical care, and urgent care. The questionnaire was divided into demographics and HFNC practices (initiation, management, and weaning). One response per institution was included in the analysis. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-four responses were included in the analysis, composed of 40% pediatric emergency medicine physicians, 46% pediatric hospitalists, 13% pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) physicians, and 1% pediatric urgent care physicians. Ninety-eight percent of the participants have HFNC at their institution. Thirty-seven percent of the respondents had a formal guideline for HFNC initiation. Nearly all guideline and nonguideline institutions report HFNC use in bronchiolitis. Guideline cohort is more likely to have exclusion criteria for HFNC (42% in the guideline cohort vs 17% in the nonguideline cohort; P < 0.001) and less frequently mandates PICU admissions once on HFNC (11% in the guideline cohort vs 56% in the nonguideline cohort; P < 0.001). Forty-six percent of guideline cohort had an objective scoring system to help determine the need for HFNC, and 73% had a weaning guideline. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is general agreement to use HFNC in bronchiolitis, great practice variation remains in the initiation, management, and weaning of HFNC across the United States. There is also a discordance on PICU use when a patient is using HFNC.

Resistance to interprofessional collaboration in in-service training in primary health care / Resistencias a la colaboración interprofesional en la formación en servicio en la atención primaria a la salud / Resistências à colaboração interprofissional na formação em serviço na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the resistance to interprofessional collaboration in the professional practices of residents in primary health care. Method: Social and clinical qualitative research with 32 residents of a Multiprofessional Residency, carried out from 2017 to 2018. Data production included Institutional Analysis of Professional Practices, document analysis; investigator's diary; and observation. Data were analyzed based on Institutional Analysis concepts. Results: There were contradictions between the reproduction of uniprofessional education with a focus on the specialty and interprofessional collaborative practices. The resistance analysis pointed to two axes: not-knowing as an analyzer of resistance to collaboration; interprofessional interference and knowledge-power relations. Residents' practices were characterized as resistant to interprofessional collaboration. Conclusion: The resistance analysis in the Multiprofessional Residency showed integrative movements of assimilation and disputes with physician-centered power, with damage to the sharing of care and interprofessional communication. The collective analysis questioned health professionals education, revisiting the perspective of comprehensive care guided by the users' needs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Hacer un análisis por medio de las resistencias a la colaboración interprofesional en las prácticas profesionales de residentes médicos en la atención primaria a la salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa socio clínica con 32 residentes de una Residencia Multiprofesional, realizada entre 2017 y 2018. La producción de datos incluyó Análisis Institucional de las Prácticas Profesionales, análisis documental; apuntes diarios del investigador; y observación. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de conceptos del Análisis Institucional. Resultados: Se revelaron contradicciones entre la reproducción de la educación uniprofesional con énfasis en la especialidad y prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales. El análisis de la resistencia destacó dos ejes: el no saber cómo método de análisis de resistencias a la colaboración; interferencias interprofesionales y relaciones de saber y de poder. Las prácticas de los residentes fueron caracterizadas por la resistencia a la colaboración interprofesional. Conclusión: El análisis de resistencia en la Residencia Multiprofesional evidenció movimientos integrativos de asimilación y disputas con el poder médico centrado, con daños a la división del cuidado y a la comunicación interprofesional. El análisis colectivo cuestionó la formación de profesionales de salud, revisitando la perspectiva del cuidado integral orientado por las necesidades de los pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: fazer uma análise pelas resistências à colaboração interprofissional nas práticas profissionais de residentes na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa Sócio-clínica com 32 residentes de uma Residência Multiprofissional, realizada de 2017 a 2018. A produção de dados incluiu Análise Institucional das Práticas Profissionais, análise documental; diário do pesquisador; e observação. Os dados foram analisados a partir de conceitos da Análise Institucional. Resultados: Revelaram-se contradições entre a reprodução da educação uniprofissional com foco na especialidade e práticas colaborativas interprofissionais. A análise resistencial apontou dois eixos: não-saber como analisador de resistências à colaboração; interferências interprofissionais e relações de saber-poder. As práticas dos residentes foram caracterizadas pela resistência à colaboração interprofissional. Conclusão: A análise resistencial na Residência Multiprofissional evidenciou movimentos integrativos de assimilação e disputas com o poder médico-centrado, com prejuízos ao compartilhamento do cuidado e à comunicação interprofissional. A análise coletiva questionou a formação de profissionais de saúde, revisitando a perspectiva do cuidado integral orientado pelas necessidades dos usuários.

Centro de Atenção Psicossocial: cotidiano de trabalho e articulação com a rede na pandemia / Psychosocial Care Center: daily work and articulation with the network in the pandemic

Objetivo: analisar o cotidiano do trabalho de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial e sua articulação com a Rede de Aten-ção Psicossocial no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, produzido por meio do diário do pesquisador e entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove profissionais de saúde, submetidas à análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: a pandemia revelou falhas na gestão dos serviços, falta de investimentos públicos e o despreparo dos profissionais, intensificando a fragmentação do trabalho, a desarticulação da rede, a desassistência e as práticas manicomiais pré-existentes. Conclusão: a realidade do cotidiano de trabalho dos serviços de atenção psicossocial mostra que são necessárias ações multifacetadas que considerem o processo social complexo da reforma psiquiátrica, especialmente, na pandemia, buscando a efetiva institucionalização do modelo de atenção psicossocial e a formação de núcleos de resistência ao modelo manicomial instituído. (AU)

Patient Satisfaction with Telephone Versus Video-Televisits: A Cross-Sectional Survey of an Urban, Multiethnic Population.

OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between telephone and video-televisits and identify whether visit modality is associated with satisfaction in an urban, academic general urology practice. METHODS: A cross sectional analysis of patients who completed a televisit at our urology practice (summer 2020) was performed. A Likert-based satisfaction telephone survey was offered to patients within 7 days of their televisit. Patient demographics, televisit modality (telephone vs video), and outcomes of the visit (eg follow-up visit scheduled, orders placed) were retrospectively abstracted from each chart and compared between the telephone and video cohorts. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate variables associated with satisfaction while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 269 patients were analyzed. 73% (196/269) completed a telephone televisit. Compared to the video cohort, the telephone cohort was slightly older (mean 58.8 years vs. 54.2 years, P = .03). There were no significant differences in the frequency of orders placed for medication changes, labs, imaging, or for in-person follow-up visits within 30 days between cohorts. Survey results showed overall 84.7% patients were satisfied, and there was no significant difference between the telephone and video cohorts. Visit type was not associated with satisfaction on multivariable analyses, while use of an interpreter [OR:8.13 (1.00-65.94); P = .05], labs ordered [OR:2.74 (1.12-6.70); P = .03] and female patient gender [OR:2.28 (1.03-5.03); P = .04] were significantly associated with satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Overall, most patients were satisfied with their televisit. Additionally, telephone- and video-televisits were similar regarding patient opinions, patient characteristics, and visit outcome. Efforts to increase access and coverage of telehealth, particularly telephone-televisits, should continue past the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vasectomy Reversal Online Marketing Practices: What Are We Putting Out There?

OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics of providers marketing vasectomy reversal (VR) online, degree of information available online, the ease with which patients can compare providers, and the differences in VR practice patterns between academic and private practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified VR practices operating within the top 50 most populous metropolitan areas in the US. Practice websites were reviewed to obtain information such as provider educational background, level of magnification, ability to perform vasoepididymostomy, surgical volume, and cost. Based on information available, providers were assigned a novel REVERSAL score created by the authors. Descriptive statistics were used to compare results. RESULTS: Of the 107 providers identified (29 academic, 78 private), the majority were male urologists with a Doctor of Medicine degree. Academic providers were more likely to have fellowship training than private practice providers, 96.6 vs 43.6%, respectively (P = 0.00001). Compared to non-urologists, urologists were less likely to purchase online ads or disclose cost. Non-urologists charged significantly less than urologists, $3,584 ± 1,554 and $6,591 ± 1,518, respectively (P = 0.00001). Only one provider provided complete information as defined by REVERSAL score of 12, with the majority (61.7%) of providers achieving score ≤6. CONCLUSION: There is significant lack of transparency in publicly available information from VR practices. Practices should implement measures to improve dissemination of information to the public, so that patients can more easily compare providers and make informed decisions regarding VR.

Evaluating Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Amongst Practicing Urologists: Analysis of the 2018 American Urological Association Census.

OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with Quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) participation using 2018 American Urological Association Census data. QIPS have become increasingly important in medicine. However, studies about QIPS in urology suggest low levels of participation, with little known about factors predicting non-participation. METHODS: Results from 2339 census respondents were weighted to estimate 12,660 practicing urologists in the United States. Our primary outcome was participation in QIPS. Predictor variables included demographics, practice setting, rurality, fellowship training, QIPS domains in practice, years in practice, and non-clinical/clinical workload. RESULTS: QIPS participants and non-participants significantly differed in distributions of age (P = .0299), gender (P = .0013), practice setting (P <.0001), employment (employee vs partner vs owner vs combination; P <.0001), and fellowship training (P <.0001). QIPS participants reported fewer years in practice (21.3 vs 25.9, P = .018) and higher clinical (45.2 vs 39.2, P = .022) and non-clinical (8.76 vs 5.28, P = .002) work hours per week. Non-participation was associated with male gender (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.03-6.95) and Asian race (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.27-5.29) for quality programs and private practice settings (ORs = 8.72-27.8) for patient safety initiatives. CONCLUSION: QIPS was associated with academic settings. Interventions to increase rates of quality and safety participation should target individual and system-level factors, respectively. Future work should discern barriers to QIPS engagement and its clinical benefits.

A Retrospective Cohort Study of Optimal Contrast for Successful Intussusception Reduction: Institutional Practices Matter.

BACKGROUND: The first-line treatment for intussusception is radiologic reduction with either air-contrast enema (AE) or liquid-contrast enema (LE). The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between self-reported institutional AE or LE intussusception reduction preferences and rates of operative intervention and bowel resection. METHODS: Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) hospitals were contacted to assess institutional enema practices for intussusception. A retrospective study using 2009-2018 PHIS data was conducted for patients aged 0-5 y to evaluate outcomes. Chi-squared tests were used to test for differences in the distribution of surgical patients by hospital management approach. RESULTS: Of the 45 hospitals, 20 (44%) exclusively used AE, 4 (9%) exclusively used LE, and 21 (46%) used a mixed practice. Of 24,688 patients identified from PHIS, 13,231 (54%) were at exclusive AE/LE hospitals and 11,457 (46%) were at mixed practice hospitals. Patients at AE/LE hospitals underwent operative procedures at lower rates than at mixed practice hospitals (14.8% versus 16.5%, P< 0.001) and were more likely to undergo bowel resection (31.1% versus 27.1%, P= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Practice variation exists in hospital-level approaches to radiologic reduction of intussusception and mixed practices may impact outcomes.

Formación del talento humano en enfermería en Colombia / Treinamento de talento humano em enfermagem na Colômbia / Training of human talent in nursing in Colombia

Introducción: la formación del talento humano en enfermería requiere de la articulación, de manera imprescindible, con las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud (IPS). Objetivo: analizar la relación docencia-servicio para la formación de talento humano en enfermería en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo. Se envió una encuesta electrónica con preguntas estructuradas y semiestructuradas a 53 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Se incluyeron instituciones con programas de enfermería y con convenios docencia-servicio para prácticas formativas. Resultados: participaron 48 programas de enfermería de IES privadas (60,4 %) y públicas (39,6 %). El 62,5 % no contaban con una IPS propia para el desarrollo de prácticas formativas en salud, situación que deriva en estructuración de convenios docencia-servicio y pagos en dinero o servicios por las IES. Las principales modalidades de contraprestación fueron capacitación del recurso humano, educación continuada y dotación tecnológica. Conclusiones: la integración docencia-servicio de universidades públicas y privadas con diferentes instituciones es necesaria en la formación integral de profesionales de enfermería. Las IES se ven abocadas a ofrecer actividades de compensación y contraprestación según su capacidad y valoración de las necesidades conjuntas. Un bajo porcentaje cuenta con IPS propias, cuya mayoría es de carácter privado. La relación docencia-servicio mejora la atención, educación, orientación a los pacientes y familiares y la credibilidad por la presencia de la academia en las unidades asistenciales.

Introdução: para a formação do talento humano em enfermagem, é essencial articular-se com as instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde (IPS). Objetivo: analisar a relação ensinoserviço para a formação do talento humano em enfermagem na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, o qual utilizou enquete eletrônica com perguntas estruturadas e semiestruturadas enviadas a 53 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Foram incluídas instituições com programas de enfermagem e convênios docentes para as práticas de formação. Resultados: participaram 48 programas de enfermagem de IES privadas (60,4 %) e públicas (39,6 %). 62,5 % não contavam com IPS própria para o desenvolvimento de estágios em saúde; essa situação leva à estruturação de convênios de prestação de serviços docentes e pagamentos em dinheiro ou serviços pelas IES. As principais formas de contraprestação foram treinamento do recurso humano, educação continuada e dotação tecnológica. Conclusões: a integração ensinoserviço de universidades públicas e privadas com diferentes instituições é necessária na formação integral dos profissionais de enfermagem. As IES são forçadas a oferecer atividades de compensação e remuneração de acordo com sua capacidade e avaliação de necessidades conjuntas. Uma porcentagem baixa tem suas IPS, e a maioria é privada. A relação ensinoserviço melhora o atendimento, a educação, a orientação e a credibilidade do paciente e da família, devido à presença da academia nas unidades de atendimento.

Introduction: The training of human talent in nursing requires the articulation with the health services institutions (IPS, in Spanish) as an essential feature. Objective: To analyze the teachingservice relationship for the training of human talent in nursing in Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive study using an electronic survey with structured and semi-structured questions sent to 53 higher education institutions (IES, in spanish). Institutions with nursing programs and teaching service agreements for training practices were included. Results: 48 nursing programs from private (60.4 %) and public (39.6 %) IES participated in this study. 62.5 % of these did not have an IPS in charge of providing their own health services for the development of training practices. This situation leads to the structuring of teaching service agreements and payments in money or services by IES. The main forms of compensation were human resource training, continuing education, and technological endowment. Conclusions: The teachingservice integration of public and private universities with different institutions is necessary for the comprehensive training of nursing professionals. IES are forced to offer compensation activities according to their capacity and assessment of joint needs. A low percentage have their own IPS, whose majority are private institutions. The teaching-service relationship improves care, education, patient and family orientation and credibility due to the presence of the academy in health care units.

Plastic and reconstructive surgeons' views of a single payer health care system: Implications for patients and practice.

BACKGROUND: Rising health care costs and the high number of uninsured Americans has led to the increasing popularity of a single payer alternative. While opinions of physicians at large have been studied, we present the first data examining the views of United States (U.S.) board-certified plastic surgeons on a single payer health care system and its implications for patients and practice. METHODS: A total of 3,431 US plastic and reconstructive surgeons were sent a 25-item Qualtrics survey and responses collected from September 1 to November 1, 2019. Independent variables included surgeon sociodemographic characteristics. The association between these and a preference for a single payer was evaluated using the logistic regression. RESULTS: There was a 11% response rate (n = 383). The majority of respondents were in private practice (64.5%). Forty-four percent believed that it is the government's responsibility to ensure care is provided for all; 34% were willing to give up income in exchange for reduced paperwork and administrative burden. Sixty-three percent would not work the same number of hours under single payer. Private practice plastic surgeons were significantly less likely to favor single payer (95% CI: 0.19 and 0.76). Among academic plastic surgeons, 24% would consider leaving if single payer were enacted and 60% would decrease the reconstructive portion of their practice. CONCLUSIONS: Most U.S. plastic and reconstructive surgeons do not support a single payer health care system. Its enactment could have sweeping implications for plastic surgeons nationwide, among the most significant being a shift from academic to private practice with a potential reduction in patient access to complex reconstructive procedures.

System change for better public health in North Macedonia: a roadmap: report of the public health retreat, Ohrid, 1–3 October 2019

This report synthesizes the findings of the retreat, Strengthening Public Health Services in North Macedonia, held in Ohrid on 1–3 October 2019.Participatory methods were used to facilitate discussions between the Ministry of Health, the Institute of Public Health, and the 10 Centres of Public Health.Representatives from WHO and invited experts worked to apply their insights to enrich both the retreat discussions and the present report, which represents the product of this co-creation process. It identifies key areas of work and specific agendas for improving the provision of public health services and fulfilling legislative commitments set out in the 2010 Law on Public Health.